Performance of Dual-Hop Relaying for OWC System Over Foggy Channel With Pointing Errors and Atmospheric Turbulence

Optical wireless communication (OWC) over atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors is a well-studied topic. Still, there limited research on signal fading due to random fog in an outdoor environment for terrestrial communications. In this paper, we analyze the performance of decode-and-forward (DF) relaying under combined effect fog, errors, with negligible line-of-sight (LOS) direct link. We consider generalized model end-to-end channel independent not identically distributed (i.ni.d.) Gamma attenuation coefficient, double gamma (DGG) turbulence, asymmetrical distance between source destination. develop density distribution functions signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (FPT) function (FP). Using derived statistical results, present analytical expressions outage probability, average SNR, ergodic rate, bit error rate (BER) both FP FPT channels terms OWC system parameters. also simplified asymptotic analysis provide insight behavior analytically various practically relevant scenarios. demonstrate mutual effects impairments performance, show that provides significant improvement compared transmissions, especially when becomes more pronounced.